Flower:

The yellow flower clusters are typically dense and narrow with the panicles angled closely against the central stem, creating an erect, narrow plume or wand-like appearance. The flowers are about ¼ inch long with 1 to 8 rays (petals) and encircle the stalks. Atypical specimens can have slightly arching panicles with the flowers arranged along one side of the stem (secund).

Leaves and stems:

Leaves are firm with smooth surfaces and toothless or with small teeth around the edges. Basal and lower stem leaves are elongated, to 9 inches long and 1½ inches wide, tapering to a long stalk that partially sheathes the stem.

Mid and upper stem leaves are stalkless to somewhat clasping, more lance-like, average 2 inches long and 1/3 inch wide, mostly toothless, the uppermost leaves much smaller. Stems are simple and erect, often a deep red color, smooth and hairless throughout except for very fine hairs in the flower cluster.

Notes:

Bog Goldenrod's range is predominantly in wetlands and marshes of about half the counties in Minnesota. While other Goldenrods, such as Canada and Giant, may share its habitat it is easily distinguished at a distance by its erect flower clusters.