Minnesota Wildflowers


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Viola adunca (Sand Violet)

Plant Info
Also known as: Hooked-spur Violet, Western Dog Violet, Early Blue Violet
Genus:Viola
Family:Violaceae (Violet)
Life cycle:perennial
Origin:native
Habitat:part shade, sun; dry to moist, sandy soil; open woods, meadows
Bloom season:April - June
Plant height:3 to 6 inches
County distribution (click map to enlarge):Minnesota county distribution map

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Detailed Information

Flower: Flower shape: 5-petals irregular

[photo of flowers] Irregular blue-violet flower about ½ long at the end of a slender stalk arising from a leaf axil. The 2 lateral petals have small tufts of white hairs at the base (bearded). The lower petal is white at the base with dark purple veins radiating from the center, and forms a long spur at the back. The spur is mostly straight but may curve upward or slightly downward. There are typically 1 to 3 flowers at the top of a stem, rising above the leaves.

Leaves and stems: Leaf attachment: alternate basal Leaf type: simple

[photo of leaves] There are both stem and basal leaves. Basal and lower leaves are up to 2 inches long, ½ to 1 inch wide, slightly heart-shaped to nearly round but generally longer than wide with a rounded tip, long stalked, the base of the stalk extending down the stem. Stem leaves are generally smaller and less rounded at the tip end. Leaves are scalloped around the edges and mostly hairless, not always completely unfolded at flowering time. Stems are mostly hairless, with multiple leafy stems arising from the base.

Fruit:

[photo of fruit]  Fruit is a hanging ovoid capsule 1/8 to ¼ inch long containing dark brown seeds

Notes:

Sand Violet is similar to Dog Violet (Viola conspersa/V. labradorica), which has paler flowers, light green leaves that are more consistently round, less leafy stems, and has a preference for moister, less sandy soil.

Where to buy native seed and plants

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  • Out Back Nursery and Landscaping - Where Ecology and Horticulture Unite
  • Shooting Star Native Seeds - Native Prairie Grass and Wildflower Seeds

Map of native plant purveyors in the upper midwest

More photos

Photos by K. Chayka and Peter M. Dziuk taken at Vermillion Falls, Dakota County.

Comments

Have you seen this plant in Minnesota, or have any other comments about it?

Posted by: Nick in Lilydale Park, St Paul
on: 2012-04-11 13:25:47

These flowers were blooming on 4/11 on the edge of the gravel parking lot in Lilydale park. It was the parking lot next to Pickerel Lake.

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