Minnesota Wildflowers


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Chelidonium majus (Celandine)

Plant Info
Also known as: Greater Celandine
Genus:Chelidonium
Family:Papaveraceae (Poppy)
Life cycle:biennial
Origin:Europe
Habitat:part shade, shade; woods, thickets, roadsides, waste areas, fields
Bloom season:May - August
Plant height:12 to 30 inches
County distribution (click map to enlarge):Minnesota county distribution map

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Detailed Information

Flower: Flower shape: 4-petals Cluster type: flat

[photo of flowers] 3 to 8 stalked flowers in a flattish cluster at the end of stems that arise opposite a leaf. Flowers are about ¾ inch across with 4 yellow petals and numerous yellow stamens surrounding a stout green style that elongates to rise above the stamens. A pair of narrow green sepals behind the flower typically drop off when the flower blooms. A plant has several to many clusters on branching stems.

Leaves: Leaf attachment: alternate basal Leaf type: compound lobed

[photo of leaves] Leaves are both basal and alternate, compound in groups of 5 to 9, up to 8 inches long and 3 inches wide, becoming smaller as they ascend the stem. Leaflets are up to 1½ inches long and 1 inch wide, mostly hairless, shallowly lobed to cleft with irregular rounded teeth or notches around the edges. Color is blue-green to green. Stems are ribbed, often covered in long white hairs near the base, especially the first year, and more sparsely hairy in the upper part of the plant. Stems exude a yellow to orange sap when broken.

Fruit:

[photo of fruit] Fruit is a, slender pod-like capsule ¾ to 2 inches long, straight to slightly curving and generally erect, bulging with seeds as they ripen.

Notes:

The sap can be very irritating to skin and eyes. Celandine does not appear to be very widespread in Minnesota (yet), but has become a serious pest plant in parts of Wisconsin, where it is a prohibited species. It is only a matter of time before it gets a bigger foothold here. I have no doubt it is under reported, as there are no official records in the counties where these images were taken. Celandine resembles Stylophorum diphyllum, a native poppy found in states farther south and east, which has flowers up to 2 inches across and fruit in hairy ovoid capsules.

Where to buy native seed and plants

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  • Landscape Alternatives - Distinctive Native Plants since 1986!
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  • Out Back Nursery and Landscaping - Where Ecology and Horticulture Unite
  • Shooting Star Native Seeds - Native Prairie Grass and Wildflower Seeds

Map of native plant purveyors in the upper midwest

More photos

Photos by K. Chayka taken at Coon Rapids Dam Regional Park, Anoka County. Photos courtesy Peter M. Dziuk taken in Aitkin County.

Comments

Have you seen this plant in Minnesota, or have any other comments about it?

Posted by: Norah in Minnetonka
on: 2011-06-04 13:58:04

I'm fairly certain I've had a large tribe of these flowers growing and seeding near my gardens for the past two years; the leaves look the same and the seed pods as well, though my flowers appear to be a double instead of the simple 4-petal. I've been trying to uncover what particular variety this is but can't seem to find it. They're LOVELY, compact plants (if short-lived) with very happy flowers; they do seed readily, but I've found them easy to remove, with a root structure that pulls up easily if you grab the whole plant by the base. I'm leaving them where I can, as they are beautiful to look at both for the flowers and also for the foliage and shape.

Posted by: K. Chayka
on: 2011-06-05 17:34:29

Norah, my concern is that you are confident you can keep these plants all confined to your own yard. You cannot. Seed will be transported by wind, water and wildlife and all your good intentions and wishful thinking cannot stop that. That seed will propagate in unwanted places, and spread to further unwanted places. :( Please reconsider your gardening decisions.

Posted by: Carrie in Victoria
on: 2011-07-15 15:49:32

These have been popping up in my yard for a couple years now and spreading. I've been pulling them before they go to seed.

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